Family | Genus | Structure | Primary Transmission Route | Associated Human Disease | Confirmed Diseases Cases in metropolitan Detroit, MI | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2021 | ||||||
Adenoviridae | Mastadenovirus | ds DNA | Respiratory, fecal–oral | Common cold | [59] | ||
Anelloviridae | Gammatorquevirus | ss DNA | Fecal–oral, parenteral, sexual | May be associated with diseases such as unexplained fever, diabetes, cancer | [60] | ||
Astroviridae | Mamastrovirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral | Gastroenteritis | [61] | ||
Caliciviridae | Norovirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral | Norovirus, Gastroenteritis | 104 | 62 | [62] |
Sapovirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral | Gastroenteritis | [63] | |||
Coronaviridae | Alphacoronavirus | ss RNA (+) | Respiratory | Common cold | [64] | ||
Betacoronavirus | ss RNA (+) | Respiratory, Zoonosis | SARS, MERS, COVID-19 | 36,567 | 729,275 | [64] | |
Filoviridae | Marburgvirus | ss RNA (-) | Zoonosis, fomite | Viral hemorrhagic fevers | [65] | ||
Flaviviridae | Flavivirus | ss RNA (+) | Zoonosis, arthropod bite/borne | Encephalitis, dengue fever | 8 | 2 | [66] |
West Nile | 35 | 44 | |||||
Zika | 4 | NR | |||||
Hepacivirus | ss RNA (+) | Sexual, blood | Hepatitis C | 2541 | 1739 | [67] | |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | ss RNA (-) | Zoonosis, urine, saliva | Viral hemorrhagic fevers, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | [68] | ||
Hepeviridae | Orthohepevirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral | Hepatitis E | 5 | 7 | [69] |
Hepadnaviridae | Orthohepadnavirus | RT | Sexual contact, blood | Hepatitis B | 3066 | 376 | [70] |
Herpesviridae | Rhadinovirus | ds DNA | Sexual contact, saliva | Skin lymphoma | [71] | ||
Varicellovirus | ds DNA | Respiratory, contact | Chickenpox | 62 | 60 | [72] | |
Shingles | 386 | 244 | |||||
Simplexvirus | ds DNA | Sexual contact, saliva | Skin lesions | [73] | |||
Roseolovirus | ds DNA | Respiratory, contact | Encephalitis | [74] | |||
Lymphocryptovirus | ds DNA | Zoonosis, animal bite, contact, saliva | Encephalitis, mononucleosis | [75] | |||
Cytomegalovirus | ds DNA | Contact, urine, saliva | Mononucleosis, pneumonia | [76] | |||
Matonaviridae | Rubivirus | ss RNA (+) | Respiratory | Rubella | 4 | 3 | [77] |
Orthomyxoviridae | Alphainfluenzavirus | ss RNA (-) | Respiratory, zoonosis, animal contact | Acute febrile respiratory tract infection | [59] | ||
Paramyxoviridae | Respirovirus | ss RNA (-) | Respiratory | Common cold | [59] | ||
Papillomaviridae | Alphapapillomavirus | ds DNA | Sexual, contact | Genital warts, cervical cancer, skin warts | [78] | ||
Nupapillomavirus | ds DNA | Contact | Skin warts | [78] | |||
Betapapillomavirus | ds DNA | Contact | Warts, papilloma, malignant tumors | [78] | |||
Gammapapillomavirus | ds DNA | Contact | Warts, papilloma | [78] | |||
Mupapillomavirus | ds DNA | Contact | Skin warts | [78] | |||
Parvoviridae | Bocaparvovirus | ss DNA | Respiratory | Acute respiratory illness | [79] | ||
Erythroparvovirus | ss DNA | Respiratory | Fifth disease, skin lesions | [80] | |||
Peribunyaviridae | Orthobunyavirus | ss RNA (-) | Zoonosis, arthropod bite | Encephalitis, fever, joint pain | [81] | ||
Picornaviridae | Hepatovirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral | Hepatitis A | 13 | 15 | [82] |
Parechovirus | ss RNA (+) | Respiratory | Mild, gastrointestinal, or respiratory illness | [83] | |||
Enterovirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral, respiratory | Meningitis, myocarditis, paralysis, common cold, diarrhea, neurological disorder, poliomyelitis | [84] | |||
Cardiovirus | ss RNA (+) | Zoonosis | Encephalitis | [85] | |||
Kobuvirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral | Gastroenteritis | [86] | |||
Salivirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral | Gastroenteritis | [87] | |||
Cosavirus | ss RNA (+) | Fecal–oral (probable) | Gastroenteritis (probable) | [88] | |||
Polyomaviridae | Betapolyomavirus | ds DNA | Respiratory | May be associated with central nervous system disease | |||
Poxviridae | Orthopoxvirus | ds DNA | Respiratory, zoonosis, contact | Skin lesions, smallpox | [54] | ||
Parapoxvirus | ds DNA | Zoonosis, contact | Skin lesions | [91] | |||
Molluscipoxvirus | ds DNA | Contact | Skin lesions | [92] | |||
Reoviridae | Seadornavirus | dsRNA | Zoonosis, arthropod bite | Encephalitis | [93] | ||
Retroviridae | Deltaretrovirus | RT | Sexual contact, maternal-neonatal | Leukemia | [94] | ||
Spumavirus | RT | Animal bites | Associated with T lymphocyte differentiation and monocyte activation | [95] | |||
Gammaretrovirus | RT | Often from mother to offspring | Multiple sclerosis (probable) | [96] | |||
Lentivirus | RT | Sexual contact, blood | HIV | 334 | 412 | [97] | |
Rhabdoviridae | Lyssavirus | ss RNA (-) | Zoonosis, animal bite | Fatal encephalitis, encephalitis | [98] | ||
Togaviridae | Alphavirus | ss RNA (+) | Zoonosis, arthropod bite | Fever, joint pain, chikungunya, encephalitis, pogosta disease | 2 | 1 | [99] |