Epidemiologic association and shared genetic architecture between cataract and hearing difficulties among middle-aged and older adults

Table 2 Cataract and risk of hearing difficulties in the UK Biobank Study

Cataract status	Cases	Model 1		Model 2
Cataract status	Cases	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Unmatched analysis
Controls	131,633	1.00 (ref)	-	1.00 (ref)	-
Cataract	10,436	2.12 (2.00-2.25)	< 0.001	2.12 (1.98–2.27)	< 0.001
Matched analysis
Controls	4,484	1.00 (ref)	-	1.00 (ref)	-
Cataract	4,484	2.04 (1.86–2.23)	< 0.001	2.03 (1.86–2.23)	< 0.001
Sensitivity analysis¹
Controls	4,484	1.00 (ref)	-	1.00 (ref)	-
Cataract	4,484	1.95 (1.76–2.17)	< 0.001	1.95 (1.75–2.17)	< 0.001
Sensitivity analysis²
Controls	2,072	1.00 (ref)	-	1.00 (ref)	-
Cataract	2,072	1.98 (1.69–2.31)	< 0.001	1.99 (1.71–2.33)	< 0.001

OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. Bold values denote statistical significance at P < 0.05 level. Model 1 has been adjusted for age and gender. Model 2 has been adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, Townsend index, educational attainment, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical activity, and history of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia
Sensitivity analysis¹ was limited to subjects with hearing difficulties who responded affirmatively to both “background noise problems” and “hearing difficulty/problems”
Sensitivity analysis² was confined to subjects with no history of cataract surgery

ISSN: 1479-7364