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Table 1 Relevant pharmacogenetics association studies that have focused on cytochrome P450 (CYP)

From: Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response: An update

Reference

Gene

Drug

Sample

Outcome measure(s)

Results

p-value

[17]

CYP2B6

Bupropion

291 patients treated with bupropion or placebo (12 weeks)

Abstinence rates

Individuals with the DRD2-Taq1 A2/A2 genotype demonstrated a higher odds ratio of abstinence only if they possessed the CYP2B6 1459 T/Tor C/T genotypes

p <0.01

[18]

CYP2D6 and CYP2CI9

Amitriptyline

202 post-mortem cases of patients receiving treatment with amitriptyline

Plasma concentration of amitriptyline and of six metabolites

Positive correlations between trans-hydroxylated metabolites and number of functional copies of CYP2D6 and between demethylated metabolites and the number of functional copies of CYP2CI9

0.026 <p <0.001

[19]

CYP2D6

Venlafaxine

100 patients

CGI UKU

A PM phenotype of CYP2D6 increases the risk of side effects, especially when O-desmethylvenlafaxine/ venlafaxine ratios below 0.3

p <0.005

[20]

CYP2D6

Fluvoxamine

100 depressed outpatients

Clinical assessment of GI side effects

CYP2D6 PM with G/G 5-HT2A A-1438G polymorphism had 4.242-fold higher risk of GI side effects and PM with the A/G genotype had a 4.147-fold higher risk of GI side effects

p = 0.009 and p = 0.004

[21]

CYP2C9, 2CI9 and 2D6

Amitriptyline, citalopram, clomipramine, doxepin, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, paroxetine, sertraline and venlafaxine

136 depressed Caucasian patients

HAMD CGI UKU

Significant influence of the CYP2D6 genotype, minor influence of the CYP2C19 genotype and no influence of the CYP2C9 genotype on plasma antidepressant concentrations. No association between plasma concentration and antidepressant response

p <0.001

[22]

CYP2D6

Various

200 outpatients enrolled, 28 were eligible for analysis

Presence of adverse effects

PM associated with more side effects; UM genotype is associated with non-responder phenotype

p <0.001 and p = 0.0012

  1. Abbreviations: GI, gastrointestinal; HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; UKU, Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale; PM, poor metaboliser; UM,???.