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Table 2 Multiple stepwise logistic regression models, including only main effects or main effects and G × G/G × E interaction terms for four different choices of the causal variable (gene names are given in Table 1; E1 = intracellular folate concentration; E2 = methionine intake)

From: Use of pathway information in molecular epidemiology

  

Simulated causal risk factor

  

Homocysteine concentration

Pyrimidine synthesis

(TS)

Purine synthesis

(AICART)

DNA methylation

(DNMT)

G, E

G, E, G × E, G × G

G, E

G, E, G × E, G × G

G, E

G, E, G × E, G × G

G, E

G, E, G × E, G × G

E 1 - -

E 1 - -

E 1 + + +

E 1 + + +

E 1 + + +

E 1 + + +

E 1 + + +

E 1 + + +

E 2 + + +

E 2 + + +

E 2 +

G 2 - - -

G 3 - -

G 5 - -

E 2 + +

G 3 + + +

G 3 - - -

G 3 -

G 2 - - -

G 3 + + +

G 4 - - -

G 8 + + +

G 3 + + +

G 9 - - -

G 4 -

G 12 - -

G 3 + + +

G 4 + + +

G 5 - - -

G 9 - - -

G 4 + + +

G 10 - - -

G 9 + + +

G 13 + + +

G 4 + + +

G 9 -

G 7 - - -

G 1 × G 10 -

G 8 -

E 1 × G 1 +

G 10 + + +

G 1 × G 14 - -

G 8 -

E 2 × G 2 -

G 8 + + +

G 3 × G 5 + + +

G 9 - - -

E 2 × G 2 - -

G 11 +

G 2 × G 9 -

G 9 - - -

E 2 × G 6 -

G 9 - -

G 4 × G 7 +

G 10 - - -

E 2 × G 12 - -

G 12 - - -

G 3 × G 14 + +

 

G 2 × G 13 - -

G 11 - - -

G 4 × G 11 + + +

G 12 - - -

G 2 × G 5 -

G 13 + + +

G 4 × G 13 + +

 

G 7 × G 14 -

G 12 + +

G 5 × G 7 +

 

G 3 × G 8 +

 

G 8 × G 10 - - -

 

G 8 × G 9 + +

 

G 5 × G 12 -

 

G 4 × G 5 - -

 

G 8 × G 12 + +

 

G 11 × G 14 + +

   

G 5 × G 6 +

 

G 9 × G 11 - - -

     

G 5 × G 12 + + +

 

G 9 × G 12 -

     

G 11 × G 13 +

 

G 12 × G 13 +

      
  1. +p < 0.05; ++p < 0.01; +++p < 0.001 for positive associations;-, - -, - - - denote corresponding levels of significance for negative associations. AICART, aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transferase; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; TS, thymidylate synthase.