From: The clinical application of UGT1A1pharmacogenetic testing: Gene-environment interactions
Continent | Ethnicity | Frequency of UGT1A1*28 homozygotes (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Europe | Scottish | 12 | 1, 28 |
 | Italian | 9; 16 | 16; 28 |
 | Dutch | 12 | 29 |
 | Spanish | 10 | 30 |
North America | Canadian Eskimos | 18 | 31 |
 | Caucasian American | 9 | 14 |
 | African-American | 23 | 1 |
South America--Brazil | Caucasian-descendant | 13 | 32 |
 | African-descendant | 17 | 32 |
 | Parakanã Indian | 3 | 32 |
Africa | Egyptian | 8 | 1 |
 | Côte d'Ivoire | 8 | 33 |
 | Kenyan (Luo) | 18 | 33 |
 | Madagascan | 6 | 33 |
Asia | Chinese | 2 | 34 |
 | Dong origin | 1 | 35 |
 | Han origin | 1 | 35 |
 | She origin | <1 | 35 |
 | Indian | 13 | 1, 34 |
 | Thai | 1 | 36 |
 | Japanese | <3 | 31, 37 |