Table 2 Bias results for main genetic effect assessment comparing ordinary statistical methods (OLR and OLMM) to family-based methods (AQTDTM and ALMM) under homogeneous (HP) and stratified (SP) populations. Each time, n cases were simulated with parameters β1 = α5 = 0.5. Simulations are based on the additive genetic model. † = number that identifies each model in the paper.
Two-step models | Mixed models | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n |
|
| ||||||
OLR (16) † | AQTDT M (17) | OLMM (19) | ALMM (20) | |||||
HP | SP | HP | SP | HP | SP | HP | SP | |
100 | -0.003 | -0.356 | -0.008 | -0.017 | -0.013 | -0.360 | -0.018 | -0.026 |
200 | -0.005 | -0.356 | -0.026 | -0.035 | -0.011 | -0.350 | -0.017 | -0.027 |
300 | 0.008 | -0.362 | 0.01 | 0.014 | -0.002 | -0.361 | 0.004 | 0.017 |
400 | -0.006 | -0.356 | -0.005 | 0.005 | 0.001 | -0.356 | -0.004 | 0.008 |
500 | 0.005 | -0.351 | 0.005 | 0.009 | 0.006 | -0.351 | 0.006 | 0.003 |
600 | -0.001 | -0.355 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.000 | -0.356 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
1000 | -0.001 | -0.363 | -0.006 | -0.008 | -0.001 | -0.364 | -0.005 | -0.007 |