Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Human Genomics

Fig. 1

From: Genetic variation in neurodegenerative diseases and its accessibility in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the pathological mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration in neurons. Eight main events exist in the cellular biological processes related to neurodegeneration: 1 The protein-misfolding process inhibits ER to Golgi trafficking and alters ER-associated degradation, inducing the ER stress [55]; 2 Damaged lysosomes disrupt processes that maintains lysosomal homeostasis [78]; 3 Accumulation of misfolded proteins generates positive feedback exacerbating other effects [15]; 4 Dysfunctional mitochondrial maintenance directly affects mitochondrial biogenesis and induction of autophagy [75], e.g., the production of ROS and ATP in the cell; 5 Altered homeostasis generates excessive influx of calcium, copper, and zinc, due to ER and mitochondrial stresses [78]; 6 Plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, due to tau phosphorylation and aggregates, reduce neurotransmitter release, which also 7 weaken synaptic strength [15]; 8 Signaling pathways in the stressed organelle or the cytoplasm induce the transductions of the signals to the nucleus, which provoke DNA damage [10, 80]

Back to article page