Fig. 3

Rank analysis by hierarchical clustering with bootstrapping. The number beside each primary tumor site is the average rank. Subtrees with high bootstrap value (≥ 90) are highlighted in red boxes. Each dendrogram was built after bootstrapping 5000 times. The red and green numbers at the branch point represent approximately unbias (AU) p value and bootstrap probability (BP), respectively. AU is recommended as a better parameter than BP to assess the clustering reliability at each branch point [54]. Cluster subtree highlighted by red box indicates AU ≥ 90. For the top-ranking groups, primary tumor sites shared between two distance methods are marked by asterisks. Similarly, for the low-ranking groups, primary sites are marked by plus signs. a Cluster dendrogram based on Euclidean distance. b Same input data as panel a but correlation was used as the distance calculation method