Table 3 Significant data points ordered by gene and by variant, according to the positive signals of association found across studies (not significant data points were omitted). Sample size and effect size were reported as abstracted from the source article. Genes and HLA loci were listed separately

Itoyama S, 2004

SARS

VIE

Hypoxemia

44

44

n/a

#

ACE

I/D (rs4646994)

D

3.04

1.12–8.25

0.029

22 severe vs 22 non-severe cases

No association with disease

[30]

Kuo CL, 2020

COVID-19

EUR

COVID-19 positivity status

323570

622

322948

General population as control

APOE

rs429358 + rs7412

ε4

2.31

1.71–3.35

<0.001

m

Statistics from the whole cohort; strata available

Association with the ε4 homozygous genotype

[57]

Ng MW, 2007

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

1073

495

578

CCL5

rs2107538

G

2.8

2.11–3.71

<0001

c

m

Allele-associated OR reported

Association with disease

[44]

Ng MW, 2007

SARS

CHI

Severity (death)

495

495

n/a

CCL5

rs2107538

G

2.1

1.30–3.39

0.002

c

m

57 deaths vs438 survivals; allele-associated OR reported

Association with death (57 deceased vs 438 survived patients)

[44]

Ng MW, 2007

SARS

CHI

Severity (ICU)

356

356

n/a

CCL5

rs2107538

G

2.78

1.37–5.63

0.005

c

m

20 severe cases vs 336; allele-associated OR reported

Association with severity

[44]

Yuan FF, 2007

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

152

152

n/a

§

CD14

159C/T (rs2569190)

C

n/r

n/r

0.027

26 severe cases vs 136 mild

CD14 associated with severity

[45]

Chan KYK, 2010

SARS

CHI

LDH level

681

681

n/a

$

CD209 (DC-SIGN)

-366AG, promoter region

G

0.4

0.19–0.85

0.014

LDH modelled as binary variable; univariate statistics reported

Association with lower LDH level

[51]

Chan VS, 2006

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

1127

285

842

$

CLEC4M (L-SIGN)

exon 4 tandem repeat

homozigosity

0.691

0.523–0.913

0.009

.

Homozigosity associated with resistance to infection

[38]

Chan KYK, 2010

SARS

CHI

LDH level

677

677

n/a

$

combined CD209 and ICAM3

-366AG, promoter region + rs2304237

A; A

4.34

1.34–14.12

0.021

LDH level modelled as binary variable; univariate statistics reported

Association with higher LDH level

[51]

Yuan FF, 2005

SARS

CHI

Severity (ICU or death)

380

26

200

§

FcγRIIA

R131H (rs1801274)

R

3.2

1.1–9.1

0.03

26 patients vs controls

Nominal association with severity

[36]

Chen WJ, 2006

SARS

CHI

Positive NPS

188

94

94

0

FGL2

+158 (rs2075761)

A

4

1.39–11.48

0.031

GA genotype; outcome modelled as binary variable

Nominal association of NPS with 4 genes (IL1A, IL18, FGL2, RelB)

[41]

Chan KYK, 2007

SARS

CHI

LDH level

677

677

n/a

$

ICAM3

rs2304237

C (Gly)

4.31

1.37–13.56

0.0067

LDH modelled as binary variable; P corrected for 2 tests

ICAM3 associated with LDH level

[43]

Zhang Y, 2020

COVID-19

CHI

Disease severity

80

80

n/a

24 severe vs 56 mild

IFITM3

rs12252

C

6.37

n/r

<0.001

CC vs other genotypes; CI n/r

Association with severity

[59]

Chong WP, 2006

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

925

476

449

IFN-γ

rs2430561

A

5.19

2.78–9.68

<0.001

m

Recessive model; multivariate LR n/r

Association with one SNP

[39]

Chen WJ, 2006

SARS

CHI

Positive NPS

188

94

94

IL18

-607 (rs1946518)

T

10.6

2.03–55.0

0.014

Outcome modelled as binary variable

Nominal association of NPS with 4 genes (IL1A, IL18, FGL2, RelB)

[41]

Chen WJ, 2006

SARS

CHI

Positive NPS

188

94

94

IL1A

−889 (rs1800587)

T

10.2

1.82–56.8

0.008

Outcome modelled as binary variable

Nominal association of NPS with 4 genes (IL1A, IL18, FGL2, RelB)

[41]

Ip WK, 2005

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

1541

353

1188

MBL

−221X/Y (rs7096206); ex1 54A/B (rs1800450)

YB

1.55

1.21–1.99

<0.001

m

Statistics n/r

Association of YB haplotype with disease

[34]

Ip WK, 2005

SARS

CHI

Serum MBL level

353

353

n/a

MBL

−221X/Y (rs7096206); ex1 54A/B (rs1800450)

YB

n/r

n/r

n/r

m

Statistics n/r

Association of YB haplotype with low serum MBL level

[34]

Zhang H, 2005

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

744

352

392

MBL

230[codon 54]A/B (rs1800450)

B

1.73

1.25–2.39

0.00086

c

Association of B allele with disease

[37]

Zhang H, 2005

SARS

CHI

Serum MBL level

744

352

392

MBL

230[codon 54]A/B (rs1800450)

B

1.67

1.21–2.29

0.00187

c

Association of B allele with MBL level

[37]

Hamano E, 2005

SARS

VIE

Severity (oxygen therapy)

44

44

n/a

MxA

rs2071430 − 88)

G

3.75

1.08–10.7

0.0346

Association with severity

[33]

He J, 2006

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

66

66

64

Cohort assessed for risk factors

MxA

rs2071430

T

3.22

1.13–9.18

0.029

m

Association with AG genotype, dominant G protective

[40]

Ching JCY, 2010

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

1210

792

418

$

MxA

rs17000900 (−123)

A

0.58

0.41–0.82

0.002

c

m

Association with resistance to infection

[52]

Hamano E, 2005

SARS

VIE

Severity (oxygen therapy)

44

44

n/a

0

OAS-1

rs3741981

G

2.68

1.17–6.15

0.0178

Association with disease

[33]

He J, 2006

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

66

66

64

Cohort assessed for risk factors

OAS-1

rs2660

G

0.38

0.14–0.98

0.047

m

Association with GT genotype, dominant T

[40]

Chen WJ, 2006

SARS

CHI

Positive NPS

188

94

94

RelB

+23692 (rs2288918)

T

7.2

1.47–35.3

0.034

Nominal association of NPS with 4 genes (IL1A, IL18, FGL2, RelB)

[41]

Wang S, 2008

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

54

54

n/a

TNF-α

C

6

1.60–22.55

0.04

24 severe cases vs 30 mild

Nominal association with femoral head necrosis

[47]

Wang S, 2008

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

54

54

n/a

TNF-α

A

8.4

1.76–40.02

0.01

24 severe cases vs 30 mild

Nominal association with femoral head necrosis

[47]

Chen YM, 2006

SARS

CHI

Seropositivity

100

20

80

HLA-Cw,

Cw0801

3.4

1.50–7.58

0.003

c

Number of tests not shown

Association found in recessive model

[42]

Lin M, 2003

SARS

n/r

Manifest disease

134

33

101

HLA-B

B*4601

10.62

2.80–40.26

0.0279

c

6 severe cases vs 101 health care workers

Association with both infection and severity

[28]

Ng MHL, 2004

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

18864

90

18774

HLA-B

B*0301

0.06

0.01–0.47

0.0042

c

.

Association with resistance to infection

[31]

Ng MHL, 2004

SARS

CHI

Manifest disease

18864

90

18774

HLA-B

B*0703

4.08

2.03–8.18

0.0022

c

.

Association with infection

[31]

Wang W, 2020

COVID-19

CHI

Manifest disease

3630

82

3548

HLA-B

B*15:27

3.59

1.72–7.50

0.03

c

Association with infection

[58]

Wang W, 2020

COVID-19

CHI

Manifest disease

3630

82

3548

HLA-C

C*07:29

130.2

5.28–3211

0.025

c

Association with infection

[58]

Wang SF, 2011

SARS

n/r

Manifest disease

97

56

41

HLA-Cw

Cw 1502

0.17

0.04–0.81

0.01

.

Association with resistance to infection

[54]

Hajeer AH, 2016

MERS

SAU

Manifest disease

184

23

161

HLA-DRB1

DRB1*11:01

6.11

1.36–24.76

0.022

c

.

Association with the disease

[56]