Table 1 Summary of reported associations between human genes and COVID-19
Gene(s) | Polymorphism(s) | Chromosome location | Reported COVID-19 associations | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ABO | rs657152 | 9q34.2 | Higher risk of infection for blood group A vs. non-A (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.20–1.75, P = 1.48 × 10−4) and lower risk of infection for blood group O vs. non-O (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53–0.79, P = 1.06 × 10−5) | |
ACE2 | p.Arg514-Gly | Xp22.2 | Cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions in the African/African-American population by altering AGT-ACE2 pathway | [49] |
ApoE | rs429358-C-C (e4e4) | 19q13.32 | Severe disease independently of pre-existing dementia, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes | [32] |
HLA | B*46:01 and B*15:03 | 6p21.33 | Vulnerable to disease for HLA-B*46:01 and cross-protective T cell-based immunity for HLA-B*15:03 | [15] |
IFITM3 | rs12252-C/C | 11p15.5 | Mild-to-moderate disease requiring hospitalization | [35] |
SLC6A20, LZTFL1, CCR9, FYCO1, CXCR6, XCR1 | rs11385942-GA | 3p21.31 | Severe disease (respiratory failure) (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.48–2.11, P = 1.15 × 10−10) | [7] |
TLR7 | g.12905756_12905759del and g.12906010G>T | Xp22.2 | Severe disease | [19] |
TMEM189-UBE2V1 | rs6020298-A | 20q13.13 | Severe disease | [17] |
TMPRSS2 | p.Val160Met (rs12329760) | 21q22.3 | Increased susceptibility to disease and for risk factors, e.g., cancer | [49] |