Table 1 All of the SNPs associated with diabetes susceptibility among Middle East population

Ali [24]

Saudi Arabia

IL-1Ra

VNTR

100 T1D children

102 healthy controls

OR = 1.97

Alsaid [26]

Egypt

IL-4 and IL-13

− 590 C>T and -1112 C>T

135 T2D patients

75 healthy controls

OR = 6.27

OR = 4.57

Ali [27]

Egypt

IL-4

VNTR

102 T2D patients

188 healthy controls

Kazemi Arababadi [31]

Iran

IL-4

− 590

100 T2D patients

150 healthy controls

Arababadi [33]

Iran

IL-10

− 592

100 T2D patients without nephropathy

100 T2D patients with nephropathy

100 healthy controls

Erdogan [34]

Turkey

IL-10

− 1082G/A

91 T2D patients

112 healthy controls

Yaghini [35]

Iran

IL-12B

+ 1188

114 T2D patients

100 healthy controls

OR = 0.3

Mojtahedi [38]

Iran

IL-18

− 607 A/C and − 137 C/G

112 T1D patients

194 healthy controls

Ranjouri [40]

Iran

IL-2RA and CTLA4

ss52580101C>A and + 49A/G

50 T1D patients

50 healthy controls

Mojtahedi [41]

Iran

CTLA-4

+ 49 A/G

109 T1D patients

331 healthy controls

Kiani [42]

Iran

CTLA-4

− 1722 (T/C), − 318 (C/T), and + 49 (G/A)

111 T2D patients

100 healthy controls

Ei Wafai [43]

Lebanon

HLAII and CTLA-4

HLA (DQB1 and DRB1) and CTLA-4 (A49G)

39 T1D patients

46 healthy controls

OR = 3.381

Settin [47]

Egypt

TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-1Ra

− 308 G/A, − 1082 G/A, − 174 G/C and VNTR

50 T1D patients

98 healthy controls

OR = 7.91

OR = 3.36

OR = 3.68

Golshani [48]

Iran

TNF-α

− 308 G/A

1038 T2D patients

1023 healthy controls

OR = 2.34

Allam [49]

Saudi Arabia

IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-1β

rs2430561, rs1800629, rs1800872, rs1800796, rs2243250, and rs16944

300 T1D patients

300 healthy controls

OR = 1.28

OR = 1.73

OR = 2.23

OR = 2.24

OR = 1.85

Emara [50]

Egypt

TNF-α

− 1031T/C

78 T2D patients

20 healthy controls

OR = 2.446

Al-Azzam [51]

Jordan

TNF-α

G-308A

355 T2D patients

Alswat [54]

Saudi Arabia

PTPN22

C1858T

372 T1D patients

372 healthy controls

OR = 4.4

Abbasi [55]

Iran

PTPN22

rs12760457, rs1310182, rs1217414, rs33996649, and rs2476601

99 T1D patients

100 healthy controls

Abdelrahman [57]

Egypt

PTPN22 and IL-2RA

rs2476601 and rs11594656

150 T1D patients

165 healthy controls

OR = 2.2

Nomani [62]

Iran

ADIPOQ

− 11,377 C/G and − 11,391 G/A

189 (100 T2D and 89 T1D) patients

161 healthy controls

Mohammadzadeh [63]

Iran

ADIPOQ

+ 45 T/G and + 276 G/T

50 T2D patients

52 healthy controls

OR = 2.574

Takhshid [64]

Iran

ADIPOQ

rs2241766

65 GDM patients

70 healthy controls

OR = 2.38

El-Shal [65]

Egypt

ADIPOQ

+ 45 TG, GG, − 11,391 AA, and + 276 TT

296 T2D patients

209 healthy controls

OR = 1.92

OR = 3.52

OR = 1.83

OR = 4.2

OR = 0.48

Takhshid [67]

Iran

Resistin

− 420C>G

75 GDM patients

70 healthy controls

El-Shal [68]

Egypt

RETN

+ 299 AA and − 420 GG

145 patients

155 healthy controls

Motawi [69]

Egypt

NAMPT and RETN

− 948G/T and − 420C/G

90 T2D patients

60 healthy controls

Hasanvand [72]

Iran

Chemerin

rs17173608 and rs4721

130 GDM patients

160 healthy controls

OR = 2.3

OR = 2.21

Khoshi [74]

Iran

Omentin and FTO

rs2274907 and rs9939609

83 T2D patients

85 healthy controls

OR = 1.98

OR = 2.57

Khidr [77]

Egypt

FNDC5

rs16835198 G>T

100 T2D patients

50 healthy controls

Hamidi [79]

Iran

MIF

− 173 G>C (rs755622)

120 T2D patients with depression

120 T2D patients without depression

Abu El-Ella [82]

Egypt

CD226

rs763361 C>T

74 T1D patients

82 healthy controls

OR = 1.68

Rezaei [89]

Iran

HLA-G

HLA-G 14-bp Insertion/Deletion

102 pancreas transplant recipients

100 normal controls

OR = 3.82

Mansoori Derakhshan [92]

Iran

HLAII

DRB1*0301, DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201

80 T1D patients

80 healthy controls

OR = 1.81

OR = 4.68

OR = 2.40

Mohammadnejad [110]

Iran

VDR

FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI

87 T1D patients

100 healthy controls

OR = 0.51

Rahmannezhad [111]

Iran

VDR

rs7975232 and rs731236

157 GDM patients

157 healthy controls

OR = 2.996

Razi [112]

Iran

VDR

rs7975232, rs731236, and rs4516035

104 diabetic patients with nephropathy

100 diabetic patients without nephropathy

109 healthy controls

Aslani [113]

Iran

VDR

FokI

142 GDM patients

161 healthy controls

Abd-Allah [114]

Egypt

VDR

BsmI, FokI, ApaI, and TaqI

120 T1D patients

120 healthy controls

OR = 2.3

OR = 2.2

OR = 1.8

OR = 4.03

Ahmed [115]

Egypt

VDR

rs7975232, rs731236 and rs1544410

50 T1D patients

50 healthy controls

OR = 2.8

OR = 4.38

Al-Daghri [117]

Saudi Arabia

VDR and HLA

rs731236-AG, rs1544410-CT, and DRB1*04

368 T2D patients

259 healthy controls

Al-Daghri [118]

Saudi Arabia

VDR

Intron 8 (BsmI, ApaI) exon 9 (TaqI) and exon 2 (FokI)

285 Metabolic syndrome patients

285 healthy controls

OR = 1.7

OR = 1.5

OR = 0.70

OR = 0.67

OR = 0.73

Ali [119]

Saudi Arabia

VDR

FokI and BsmI

100 T1D patients

102 healthy controls

OR = 1.9

OR = 2.5

Apaydın [120]

Turkey

VDR

rs15444410, rs7975232, rs19735810 and rs731236

100 GDM patients

135 healthy pregnant controls

Rasoul [121]

Kuwait

VDR

rs10735810, rs731236, rs7975232, and rs1544410

253 T1D patients

214 healthy controls

Hussein [124]

Egypt

CYP2R1 and CYP27B1

rs10741657 and rs10877012

120 T1D patients

120 healthy controls

OR = 2.6

OR = 3.7

OR = 2.9

Mohammadi [129]

Iran

ERα

PvuII and XbaI

174 T2D patients

174 healthy controls

OR = 0.67

OR = 0.061

Meshkani [130]

Iran

ER1

PvuII and XbaI

155 T2D patients

377 healthy controls

OR = 0.22

Ereqat [132]

Palestine

ESR1

PvuII and XbaI

102 T2D patients

112 healthy controls

OR = 2.03

El Tarhouny [134]

Egypt

SHBG

rs6257 and rs6259

185 T2D patients

185 healthy controls

OR = 2.241

Meshkani [140]

Iran

PPARg-2

Pro12Ala

284 T2D patients

412 healthy controls

OR = 0.395

Shokouhi [142]

Iran

PGC-1α

Gly482Ser, Thr394Thr, and Thr528Thr

173 T2D patients

173 healthy controls

OR = 5.23

OR = 2.37

Hasan [145]

Egypt

PPAR-γ

rs1801282

205 T2D patients

100 healthy controls

OR = 3

Barseem [155]

Egypt

GST

T1/M1

64 T1D patients

41 healthy controls

OR = 4.2

Amer [157]

Egypt

GSTP1

Ile105Val

112 T2D patients

188 healthy controls

Gusti [158]

Saudi Arabia

GSTT1 and NOS2

rs17856199 and rs2297518

177 T2D patients

207 healthy controls

OR = 3.42

OR = 3.57

OR = 4.06

Ghattas [167]

Egypt

CAT and SOD

1167C/T and + 35 A/C

105 T2D patients

115 healthy controls

OR = 2.65

OR = 5.68

OR = 3

OR = 3.25

OR = 3.44

Ghattas [168]

Egypt

mEPHX1

rs2234922 and rs1051740

112 T2D patients

150 healthy controls

Habieb [169]

Egypt

CYP2J2 and EPHX2

rs2280275 and rs751141

140 T2D patients

60 healthy controls

OR = 0.375

OR = 0.440

OR = 0.195

OR = 0.195

Elshahed [171]

Egypt

HSP70

− 110 AC, + 190 G/C, + 1267 A/G, and + 2437T/C

60 T2D patients

30 healthy controls

Al-Shaqha [175]

Saudi Arabia

NAT1 and NAT2

rs1041983, rs1799931, rs1799930, rs1799929, and rs4986988

186 T2D patients

183 healthy controls

Shakeri [179]

Iran

PON1

− 108C>T

90 T2D patients

90 healthy controls

Emami [180]

Iran

PON1

− 108, − 126, and − 162

98 T2D patients

104 healthy controls

Khajeniazi [181]

Iran

PON1

− 108C>T

90 T2D patients

90 healthy controls

El-Lebedy [182]

Egypt

PON1

Q192R and L55M

68 patients with T2D

66 patients with T2D + CVD

50 healthy controls

Al-Hakeem [183]

Saudi Arabia

PON1

rs662

200 GDM patients

300 healthy controls

Arpaci [184]

Turkey

CAT and PON1

− 262 C/T and 55 L/M

100 T2D patients

100 healthy controls

Ergen [188]

Turkey

MPO

− 463 G/A

145 T2D patients

151 healthy controls

Keshavarzi [190]

Iran

IRS1 and CCR5

rs10498210 G/A and 59029 A/G

120 T2D patients

70 healthy controls

OR = 2.9

OR = 3.3

Golsheh [191]

Iran

CCR5 and IRS1

59029A/G and rs10498210

220 T2D patients

200 healthy controls

OR = 1.9

OR = 2.62

Haghani [192]

Iran

IRS-1 and IRS-2

Gly972Arg and Gly1057Asp

336 T2D patients

341 healthy controls

OR = 1.76

OR = 3.86

OR = 1.63

OR = 1.63

OR = 1.69

OR = 3.1

OR = 1.86

OR = 1.76

OR = 1.83

OR = 2.35

Yousef [193]

Egypt

IRS-1

r.2963G>A (rs1801278)

100 T2D patients

120 healthy controls

Ayaz [194]

Turkey

IRS-2

G1057D

44 GDM patients

50 healthy controls

Alharbi [195]

Saudi Arabia

IRS-1

rs1801278

200 GDM patients

300 healthy controls

Nemr [197]

Lebanon

IGF2BP2

rs4402960 and rs1470579

544 T2D patients

606 healthy controls

OR = 1.43

OR = 5.49

Al-Hakeem [200]

Saudi Arabia

SH2B1

rs4788102

200 GDM patients

300 healthy controls

Rastegari [202]

Iran

KCNJ11

E23K (rs5219)

20 diabetic patients

20 healthy controls

Makhzoom [203]

Syria

KCNJ11

rs5219

75 T2D patients

63 healthy controls

OR = 3.81

Akbas [209]

Turkey

AHSG

− 843A>T (rs2248690) and 767C>G (rs4918)

83 GDM patients

100 healthy pregnant controls

Akbaba [211]

Turkey

SEPP1

rs4987017, rs13154178, rs146125471, rs28919926, and rs16872762

40 GDM patients

40 healthy pregnant controls

Amini [213]

Iran

SLC2A1

HaeIII

126 T2D patients with nephropathy

254 T2D patients without nephropathy

OR = 6.3905

Soltanian [214]

Iran

SLC30A8

rs13266634

125 T2D patients

125 healthy controls

OR = 1.43

Mashal [217]

Jordan

SLC30A8

rs13266634

358 T2D patients

326 healthy controls

OR = 1.47

OR = 2.44

OR = 1.64

Bazzi [218]

Saudi Arabia

FTO, MC4R, SLC30A8, and KCNQ1

rs9939609 (A/T), rs17782313 (C/T), rs12970134 (A/G), and rs13266634 (C/T)

90 T2D patients

95 healthy controls

Mahrooz [220]

Iran

OCT3

rs3088442G>A and rs2292334G>A

150 T2D patients

150 healthy controls

OR = 0.016

OR = 0.61

Torkamandi [229]

Iran

WFS1

rs1801214 and rs1046320

220 T2D patients

211 healthy controls

OR = 0.68

Rezapour [232]

Iran

UCP2

45-bp ins/del

80 T2D patients

77 healthy controls

Al-Daghri [234]

Saudi Arabia

NPC1

rs1805081 and rs1788799

644 T2D patients

824 healthy controls

Shalaby [237]

Egypt

GIPR and GLP1R

rs2302382, rs1800437, and rs367543060

150 T2D patients

150 healthy controls

Ghaedi [244]

Iran

H19 and MEG3

rs217727, rs3741219, and rs7158663

496 T2D patients

473 healthy controls

OR = 1.1

OR = 1.53

OR = 1.79

OR = 1.72

El-Lebedy [255]

Egypt

ANGPTL8, CETP, and NOS3

rs2278426, rs708272, and rs1799983

136 T2D patients

136 healthy controls

Ghasemi [256]

Iran

ANGPTL8

rs2278426 and rs892066

150 T2D patients

138 healthy controls

OR = 2.41

Hatefi [257]

Iran

miR-410

rs13702

102 T2D patients

98 healthy controls

OR = 1.729

OR = 3.28

Mansouri [260]

Iran

FADS1 and FADS2

rs174537 and rs174575

50 T2D patients

50 healthy controls

Nuglozeh [265]

Saudi Arabia

PCSK9

L10 Ins, A56V, I474V, and E670G

88 patients

10 healthy controls

Saravani [268]

Iran

Perilipin and FTO

rs1052700 and rs3751812

183 T2D patients

174 healthy controls

Galavi [270]

Iran

SREBF-2

rs1052717G/A, rs2267439C/T, and rs2267443G/A

250 T2D patients

250 healthy controls

Mahrooz [275]

Iran

APOA5

rs662799

161 T2D patients

58 healthy controls

Alharbi [276]

Saudi Arabia

APOE

rs429358 and rs7412

438 T2D patients

460 healthy controls

OR = 4.39

Alharbi [282]

Saudi Arabia

APOC3

3238 C>G

268 T2D patients

255 healthy controls

Garme [284]

Iran

NOS2

rs2779248 T/C and rs1137933 C/T

152 T2D patients

157 healthy controls

Garme [285]

Iran

NOS3

rs1800779

250 T2D patients

250 healthy controls

OR = 0.527

OR = 0.569

Mehrab-Mohseni [288]

Iran

eNOS

VNTR

220 T2D patients

96 healthy controls

OR = 2.0

OR = 2.1

OR = 1.8

OR = 2.6

OR = 2.8

Rahimi [291]

Iran

eNOS

4a/b and G894T

173 T2D patients

101 healthy subjects

Moguib [292]

Egypt

eNOS

T786C and G894T

200 T2D patients

100 healthy controls

El-Din Bessa [294]

Egypt

eNOS

Glu298Asp

80 T2D patients

20 healthy controls

Shoukry [295]

Egypt

eNOS

894G>T, -786T>C, and 27-bp-VNTR

200 T2D patients with nephropathy

200 T2D patients without nephropathy

Vatankhah Yazdi [306]

Iran

SLC30A8, CDKAL1, TCF7L2, KCNQ1, and IGF2BP2

rs13266634, rs10946398, rs7903146, rs2237892, and rs1470579

162 T2D patients

106 healthy controls

Shokouhi [307]

Iran

TCF7L2

rs7903146, rs12255372, and rs290487

173 T2D patients

173 healthy controls

OR = 1.98

OR = 3.54

OR = 2.16

OR = 2.23

OR = 4.25

OR = 2.2

OR = 2.24

OR = 2.25

Alami [308]

Iran

TCF7L2

rs12255372 (G/T)

236 T2D patients

255 healthy controls

OR = 1.458

OR = 2.038

OR = 1.52

OR = 1.74

El-Lebedy [309]

Egypt

TCF7L2 and CDKAL1

rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs7756992

180 T2D patients

210 healthy controls

Ereqat [310]

Palestine

TCF7L2

rs7903146

219 T2D patients

114 healthy controls

OR = 3.34

Erkoç Kaya [311]

Turkey

TCF7L2

rs7903146 and rs12255372

169 T2D patients

119 healthy controls

OR = 1.9

OR = 2.1

Khan [312]

Emirate

TCF7L2

rs4506565 and rs12255372

890 T2D patients

686 healthy controls

OR = 1.16

Saadi [313]

Emirate

TCF7L2

rs12255372 and rs7903146

95 T2D patients

188 healthy controls

OR = 1.47

OR = 1.16

Palizban [314]

Iran

TCF7L2

rs7903146

93 T2D patients

53 healthy controls

OR = 6.035

OR = 3.082

Galavi [317]

Iran

HHEX

rs1111875G/A, rs7923837A/G, and rs5015480 C/T

250 T2D patients

250 healthy controls

Mansoori [318]

Iran

HHEX and CDKN2A/B

rs1111875A/G and rs10811661C/T

140 T2D patients

140 healthy controls

OR = 1.729

OR = 2.921

OR = 0.237

Torkamandi [324]

Iran

MAP3K1

rs10461617

177 T2D patients

165 healthy controls

OR = 1.44

El-Sherbini [327]

Egypt

TGF-β1

T869C and G915C

99 T2D patients

98 healthy controls

Saravani [331]

Iran

COL4A3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1

rs55703767, rs17576, and rs6609533

120 T2D patients

120 healthy controls

OR = 0.235

OR = 0.592

OR = 2.429

OR = 2.176

Kassem [335]

Egypt

SERPINB1

rs114597282 and rs15286

98 T2D patients

62 healthy controls

Zaharna [339]

Palestine

Calpain-10

− 44, − 43, − 63, and del/ins-19

48 T2D patients

48 healthy controls

Demirci [340]

Turkey

Calpain 10

− 19, − 44, and − 63

202 T2D patients

80 healthy controls

Mehrabzadeh [342]

Iran

ELMO1

rs741301 and rs1345365

200 T2D patients

100 healthy controls

OR = 1.7

OR = 2.5

Bayoumy [343]

Egypt

ELMO1

rs741301

400 diabetic patients

100 healthy controls

OR = 2.7

Al-Daghri [344]

Saudi Arabia

Snap25

rs363039, rs363043, and rs363050

489 T2D patients

530 controls

Asgarbeik [350]

Iran

ERRFI1

+ 808 T/G (rs377349)

204 T2D patients

106 healthy controls

Zarouk [356]

Egypt

ACE

I/D

24 T2D patients

21 healthy controls

Assali [353]

Iran

AT(1)R/A1166C

A1166C

164 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)

145 CAD patients without diabetes

Al-Saikhan [357]

Saudi Arabia

ACE

I/D

70 T2D

54 T2D with HTN patients

48 healthy controls

Al-Harbi [358]

Bahrain

MTHFR and ACE

C677T and I/D

171 T2D patients

188 healthy controls