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Table 1 CHD and extracardiac phenotypes in patients with syndromic CHD

From: Copy number variant analysis for syndromic congenital heart disease in the Chinese population

CHD phenotypes

Total

N (%)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

n (%)

Genitourinary defects

n (%)

Craniofacial defects

n (%)

Digestive system defects

n (%)

Limbs defects

n (%)

Musculoskeletal disorders

n (%)

Respiratory system defects

n (%)

Endocrine system disorders

n (%)

Others

n (%)

A. Septal defects

72 (66.1)

30 (41.7)

10 (13.9)

7 (9.7)

7 (9.7)

4 (5.6)

7 (9.7)

2 (2.8)

4 (5.6)

1 (1.4)

B. Isolated abnormities of valves

3 (2.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (33.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (33.3)

1 (33.3)

C. Septal defects with abnormities of valves

5 (4.6)

2 (40.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (40.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (20.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

D. Obstruction of left ventricular outflow tract

8 (7.3)

2 (25.0)

1 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

2 (25)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

0 (0.0)

E. Isolated conotruncal defects

3 (2.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (33.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (33.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (33.3)

F. Compound conotruncal defects

11 (10.1)

3 (27.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (18.2)

1 (9.1)

0 (0.0)

3 (27.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (18.2)

G. Heterotaxy syndrome

1 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

H. Others

6 (5.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (16.7)

0 (0.0)

4 (66.7)

0 (0.0)

1 (16.7)

Total

109

37 (33.9)

12 (11.0)

13 (11.9)

11 (10.1)

6 (5.5)

11 (10.1)

7 (6.4)

6 (5.5)

6 (5.5)

  1. This categorization was adapted from the classification system established by Geng [9] et al
  2. Each category includes the following CHD phenotypes: A: ASD, VSD, and AVSD; B: TR, MR, PS, MS, bicuspid aortic valve, and supramitral stenosing ring; C: ASD/VSD with abnormities of valves; D: AS and CoA; E: TOF, DORV, TGA; F: TOF/DORV/TGA/PA with other heart defects; G: heterotaxy syndrome; and H: PAPVC, PAS, SV, PDA, truncus arteriosus, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic regurgitation, etc.
  3. For patients with extracardiac comorbidities involving multiple systems, only the main or the most severe extracardiac comorbidity was considered in this table