Table 1 An overview of some pharmacogenetic implementation initiatives and institutes involved

ACCOuNT (African American Pharmacogenomic Consortium Network)

Move studies of African American pharmacogenomics from discovery to implementation; guidance for developing genomic prescribing system; developing recommendations that consider ethnic background

[3]

CLIPMERGE PGx

Develop best-practice infrastructure for PGx implementation; real-time clinical decision support (CDS); the utility of genomic information in optimizing medication efficacy and safety

[4]

eMERGE-PGx (Electronic Medical Records and Genomics)

Integration of clinically validated genotypes to EHR and CDS; measuring outcomes and cost-effectiveness; repository of variants of unknown significance for the expansion of PGx understanding

[5]

Go-PGx (Genomic and outcomes database for pharmacogenomics and implementation studies)

Genomics-based precision health strategies to reduce the most common and serious ADRs; incorporate tests into clinical practice; study barriers; economic implications of testing in clinical practice

[6]

IGNITE (Implementing GeNomics In practice)

Evaluate the feasibility of incorporating genomic information into clinical care; define, share and disseminate the best practices of implementation; contribute to the evidence base of outcomes of the use of genomic information in clinical practice

[7]

INGENIOUS (INdiana GENomics Implementation: an Opportunity for the UnderServed)

Evaluate adverse event incidence and annual healthcare cost, integration of results through the EHR and clinical decision support system

[8]

Personalized Medication Program

Incorporate genetics into the medical decision-making process; develop the implementation tools needed to incorporate pharmacogenomics into the clinical workflow; implement clinical decision support system to guide test ordering and PGx recommendations at the point of care

[9]

Personalized Medicine Program

Expand and evaluate the clinical implementation of PGx information; identification of the common challenges; educational programs targeted at health science students

[10]

PG4KDS

Establish processes for using PGx tests in the EHR to pre-emptively guide prescription; develop interruptive CDS alerts; educational efforts for both patients and clinicians

[11]

PGRN (Pharmacogenomics Research Network) translation PGx program

Assessment of the implementation of routine evidence-based PGx testing; templates for reporting results with CDS; educational materials for clinicians; gene–drug pair clinical guidelines

[12]

PREDICT (The Pharmacogenomics Resource for Enhanced Decisions in Care and Treatment)

Develop infrastructure and a framework for incorporating PGx results into the EHR and making these available to clinicians at the time of prescription

[13]

RIGHT (Right drug, right dose, right time)

Develop best practice protocol for implementing genetic sequence data; point-of-care CDS

[14]

SEAPharm (South East Asian Pharmacogenomics Research Network)

Studies of adverse drug effects and developing guidelines adapted for the Asian population

[15]

The 1200 Patients Project

Establish a model system for eliminating practical barriers to implementing PGx; Interactive consultation portal for physicians; Clinical relevance of PGx and cost

[16]

U-PGx (Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics)

Implement PGx through a pre-emptive panel strategy; studies of the impact on patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness; exploratory analysis to understand PGx

[17]