Table 1 All of the genes which have been involved in ASD progression in Middle East population
From: Genetic and molecular biology of autism spectrum disorder among Middle East population: a review
Study | Year | Gene | Country | Population | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Receptors and neurotransmitters | |||||
 Firouzabadi et al. [17] | 2017 | DRD3 | Iran | 56 patients controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with response to risperidone in autism patients. |
 Noroozi et al. [18] | 2016 | GRM7 | Iran | 518 patients 472 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Elhawary et al. [19] | 2019 | HTR2A HTR2C SLC6A4 BDNF | Saudi Arabia | 110 patients 102 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. HTR2C and BDNF polymorphisms were correlated with severity. |
 Sener et al. [20] | 2016 | CC2D1A HTR1A | Turkey | 44 patients 27 controls | Expression was associated with ASD patients. |
 Hamza et al. [21] | 2016 | GABRB3 | Iraq | 40 patients 25 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
 Hosseinpour et al. [22] | 2017 | NRP2 | Iran | 50 patients 70 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Yuksel et al. [23] | 2016 | OXTR | Turkey | 27 patients 39 controls | OXTR promoter methylation was associated with ASD patients. |
 Ocakoğlu et al. [24] | 2018 | OXTR | Turkey | 100 patients | Polymorphisms were correlated with severity of autism spectrum disorder. |
 Salem et al. [25] | 2013 | MAOB | Egypt | 53 patients 30 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
Synaptic/neuronal activity | |||||
 Noroozi et al. [26] | 2018 | CYFIP1/2 | Iran | 30 patients 41 controls | Expression was associated with ASD patients. |
 Safari et al. [27] | 2017 | SNAP25 | Iran | 472 patients 524 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Zare et al. [28] | 2017 | CNTNAP2 | Iran | 200 patients 260 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Firouzabadi et al. [29] | 2016 | ACE | Iran | 120 patients 120 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Ghafouri-Fard et al. [30] | 2020 | BDNF, BACE1 BDNF-AS BACE1- AS | Iran | 50 patients 50 controls | Expression was associated with ASD. BACE1-AS and BDNF expression were correlated with age in female participants. |
Inflammatory factors | |||||
 Eftekharian et al. [31] | 2018 | TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-2 | Iran | 30 patients 41 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with autism. |
 Fallah et al. [32] | 2020 | IFNG IFNG-AS1 | Iran | 50 patients 50 controls | Expression was associated with ASD patients. |
 Safari et al. [33] | 2020 | HOTAIR | Iran | 427 patients 430 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Safari et al. [34] | 2017 | FOXP3 | Iran | 523 patients 472 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Mostafa et al. [35] | 2012 | HLA-DRB1 | Egypt | 100 patients 100 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
Amino acid metabolism | |||||
 Ajabi et al. [36] | 2017 | MTRR | Iran | 142 patients 214 controls | Polymorphism was correlated with risk of autism. |
 Haghiri et al. [37] | 2016 | MTR | Iran | 108 patients 130 controls | Polymorphism was correlated with increased risk of autism. |
 Jabbar et al. [38] | 2018 | MTR | Iraq | 70 patients 30 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
 Behiry [39] | 2017 | CBS | Egypt | 40 patients 40 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with ASD. |
 Taheri et al. [40] | 2019 | MOCOS | Iran | 406 patients 411 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
Nuclear receptors and GTPases | |||||
 Mobasheri et al. [41] | 2019 | VDR | Iran | 81 patients 108 controls | Polymorphism was correlated with reduced risk of autism. |
 Coskun et al. [42] | 2016 | VDR | Turkey | 237 patients 243 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with ASD. |
 Sayad et al. [43] | 2017 | RORA | Iran | 518 patients 472 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with autism risk in dominant inheritance model. |
 Emamalizadeh et al. [44] | 2017 | RIT2 | Iran | 470 patients 470 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Hamedani et al. [45] | 2017 | RIT2 | Iran | 532 patients 472 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
Transporters | |||||
 Noroozi et al .[46] | 2017 | VMAT1 | Iran | 495 patients 484 controls | Polymorphism was correlated with autism. |
 Kamal et al .[47] | 2015 | DRD4 | Egypt | 178 patients 128 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with ASD. |
 Azzam et al. [48] | 2018 | SLC6A3 DRD1 | Egypt | 50 patients 50 controls | SLC6A3 polymorphisms were correlated with mother’s age. DRD1 polymorphisms were correlated with age in ASD. |
 El-Tarras et al. [49] | 2012 | SLC6A3 DRD1 | Saudi Arabia | 50 patients 50 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation | |||||
 Meguid [50] | 2015 | MTHFR | Egypt | 24 patients and 20 of their mothers. 30 control and 42 healthy control mothers. | MTHFR polymorphisms were correlated with ASD and higher in autism children mothers. |
 El-Baz et al. [51] | 2017 | MTHFR | Egypt | 31 patients 39 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
 Shawky et al. [52] | 2014 | MTHFR | Egypt | 20 patients 20 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
 Arab and Elhawary [53] | 2019 | MTHFR | Saudi Arabia | 112 patients 104 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
 Muftin et al. [54] | 2020 | MTHFR | Iraq | 38 patients 22 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with sex in ASD. |
 Beiranvandi et al. [55] | 2020 | EN2 | Iran | 67 patients 100 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of ASD. |
 Eftekharian et al. [56] | 2018 | PIAS | Iran | 30 patients 41 controls | Expression was associated with age in ASD patients. |
DNA repair | |||||
 Dasdemir et al. [57] | 2016 | XRCC4 | Turkey | 100 patients 96 controls | Polymorphisms were correlated with ASD. |