Table 1 Overview of some of the most common nutrient-related human pathologies linked with gut microbiome abundance and functionality
Human nutrient-related pathologies | Gut species related/affected (↓: reduced, ↑: increased) | Indicative associated refs. |
|---|---|---|
NAFLD | ↑ Escherichia coli ↑ Bacteroides vulgatus ↑ Bacteroides ↑ Ruminococcus | |
↓ Prevotella | ||
IBD (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) | ↑ Bacteroides fragilis ↑ Ruminococcus torques ↑ Ruminococcus ↑ Clostridium hathewayi ↑ Clostridium bolteae ↑ Ruminococcus gnavus ↑ Actinomyces ↑ Veillonella ↑ Intestinibacter | |
↓ Bifidobacterium longum ↓ Eubacterium rectale ↓ Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ↓ Roseburia intestinalis ↓ Christensenellaceae ↓Coriobacteriaceae ↓ Clostridium leptum ↓ Eubacterium rectum ↓ Akkermansia muciniphila ↓ Coprococcus ↓ Blastocystis | ||
CVDs | ↑ Proteobacteria ↑ Actinobacteria Prevotella ↑ Erwinia ↑ Corynebacteriac-eae ↑ Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratios ↑ Streptococcus ↑ Enterobacteriaceae ↑ Lactobacillales ↑ Clostridium subcluster XIVa ↑ Campylobacter ↑ Candida ↑ Shigella ↑ Salmonella ↑ Yersinia Enterocolitica ↑ Escherichia/Shigella ↑ Klebsiella pneumonia ↑ Streptococcus viridians | |
↓ Anaerostipes ↓ Lactobacillus murinus ↓ Bacteroides ↓ Roseburiam | ||
ALD (and cirrhosis) | ↑ Proteobacteria ↑ Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium ↑ Streptococci ↑ Enterobacteria ↑ Bifidobacterial ↑ Akkermansia muciniphila | |
↓ Ruminococcaceae ↓ Bacteroidetes | ||
CKDs | ↑ Enterobacteriae ↑ Enterococci ↑ Lachnospiraceae ↑ Ruminococcaceae ↑ Gammaproteobacteria ↑ Actinobacteria ↑ Firmicutes ↑ Clostridium ↑ Enterococcus ↑ Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
↓ Lactobacillaceae ↑ Prevotellaceae ↓ Bacteroidaceae ↓ Bifidobacterium ↓ Lactobacillaceae ↓ Prevotellaceae ↓ Actinobacteria ↓ Lactobacillaceae ↓ Bifidobacterium ↓ Actinobacteria |